The History of Ngapuhi

Te Whare O Ngapuhi – by Raniera TeiTinga Tau, Chairman

The epic story of Ngapuhi unfolds down the generations, beginning in a distant time and place, with an incident that is at once both ordinary and extraordinary.

The time was approximately twenty generations before Kupe, the great Polynesian navigator who discovered Aotearoa – New Zealand, with another two or three generations before the great migration to these shores. The place was Hawaiki, which is sometimes described as a mythical place, although it most certainly existed even if we no longer know its exact location.

The incident involved Kareroariki, a mother-to-be who craved for a certain food; a commonplace enough event in itself.

What made it extraordinary was that she did not crave for some special kai moana or fruit. No, Kareroariki hungered for the taste of the human heart. As an Ariki, or chieftainess, she had the authority to demand her wish be granted and a highborn young maiden, of a similar rank, was sacrificed to satisfy this desire.

This is the beginning of the esoteric knowledge that has been passed down, in oral tradition, from our forbearers and is taught today in our Wananga.

Three names emerge from the birth of the child of Kareroariki, --they are Puhikaiariki, Puhimoanariki and Puhitaniwharau – which collectively give rise to the plural, nga, or many – Ngapuhi. All three feature significantly in Ngapuhi history.

The fact that we take our name from an event – rather than an ancestor, as is the case with most tribes – is highly unusual. Indeed there are orators who would deny this entirely; referring to Puhimoanariki of the Mataatua waka, or canoe, as the original ancestor of Ngapuhi. There is however no korero, or oral tradition, to support this.

All waka with Ngapuhi whakapapa – that is to say genealogical lines – landed in Hokianga and spread out from there. So it is that we Ngapuhi claim a tribal area whose boundaries are described in this Whakatauki or proverb:

“Te Whare O Ngapuhi, Tamaki Makaurau ki Te Rerenga Wairua. Ko nga paatu ko Ngati Whatua, Te Rarawa, Te Aupouri, Ngati Kahu, Ngapuhi ki roto. Ko nga Rarangi Maunga nga Poutokomanawa i hikia te Tahuhu o Te Whare O Ngapuhi.”

This is to say…

• The house of Ngapuhi stretches from Tamaki Makaurau in the south to Cape Reinga in the north,
• Its walls are the sub-tribes: Ngati Whatua in the south, Te Rarawa in the west, Te Aupouri in the north and Ngati Kahu in the east,
• Ngapuhi holds the centre of the House, and
• The mountains of significance within Ngapuhi are the pillars or poupou, which hold the ridgepole aloft.

Another mark of Ngapuhi is that we are fiercely loyal to our whanau and hapu. Our traditional, communal way-of-life, focused around our marae, seeks to remain as strong today as in the time of Kareroariki.

Our history reminds us that we too often bickered among ourselves, but when facing a common enemy we would set aside our differences, our Rangatira would gather, agree on a battle plan, and then fight as one. In this way many a dreadful enemy was repulsed and defeated.

Today we must act in a similar manner, always mindful of the needs of individual whanau and hapu within our Takiwa. Yet equally determined to act with common purpose for the collective good. We must seek true Tino Rangatiratanga – that is to say, economic, cultural and social freedom – for the Ngapuhi nation as a whole.

Once again we must face the challenges that confront us together.

* This is the knowledge handed down to Raniera TeiTinga (Sonny) Tau from his ancestors